1，更新源

(1) 更新源

apt-get update

(2)安装

apt-get install gpg

为了解决后面换源异常

GPG error: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available

(3) 备份包含源的文件

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

(4)修改

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

将里面都删除 添加如下源选择其一即可

# 阿里云源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

##proposed表示測試版源，不建议启用

#deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 源碼

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

##測試版源

#deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 清华大学源

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

##測試版源

#deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 源碼

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

##proposed表示測試版源，不建议启用

#deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

(5)更新源

apt-get update

这时会报错 执行命令

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys '出现的key'

然后再次执行 

apt-get update

(6) 升级软件

apt-get upgrade

(7)安装 aptitude

原因容器内安装vim 等软件都会出现如下错误：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libopus-dev : Depends: libopus0 (= 1.1.2-1ubuntu1) but 1.2.1-1~16.04.york0 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

解决方式

sudo apt-get install aptitude

aptitude与 apt-get 一样，是 Debian 及其衍生系统中功能极其强大的包管理工具。与 apt-get 不同的是，aptitude在处理依赖问题上更佳一些。举例来说，aptitude在删除一个包时，会同时删除本身所依赖的包。这样，系统中不会残留无用的包，整个系统更为干净。